Marine food web activity worksheet 2 read the information about the animals and draw arrows to link the plants and animals in the food web. In this way, phytoplankton functions as the foundation of the marine food web by supporting all other life in the ocean. Made of interconnected food chains, food webs help us understand how changes to ecosystems say, removing a top predator or adding nutrients affect many different species, both directly and indirectly. Read invisible watery world and look at the what do i eat.
Its a plankton eat plankton world activity ask a biologist. Efficiency of a phytoplanktonbased and a bacteriabased food web in a pelagic marine system johnny berglund,1 umut mu. The green crab, for example, is a consumer as well as a decomposer. Plastic debris in the ocean the characterization of marine plastics. Over half the worlds oxygen is produced by phytoplankton. Cut out each organism and create a food web with the organisms present in your ecosystem. The marine science education project is grateful to all individuals who assisted in the development of.
Food webs describe who eats whom in an ecological community. Pdf marine microbial food web structure and function. Pdf tracing carbon flow in an arctic marine food web. Food chains and food webs united states environmental. Impact of overfishing on marine ecosystems student handout humans have increasingly looked to the ocean for a food source.
Developing a trophic bioaccumulation model for pfoa and pfos in a marine food web by mandy rebecca rose mcdougall b. Marine food webs are usually longer than terrestrial food webs. These lesson plans are a selection including learning about marine food chains and webs, information on actively stopping marine rubbish and pollutio. Aquatic food webs national oceanic and atmospheric. From fishing down marine food webs as an integrative concept by daniel pauly university of british columbia, canada, proceedings of the expo98 conference on ocean food webs and economic productivity, online at the community research and development information page. The aim of this report is to conduct a global assessment of marine fisheries and biodiversity conservation in order to identify opportunities for the macarthur foundation to address issues relating to marine fisheries and biodiversity conservation. This 30 piece clip art set focuses on animals in an marine food web and features plankton, fish, sea bird, squid and seal. So it is the energy produced by these algae that forms the basis of the food pyramid in the ocean. Dahr mentions the warm water coral reefs and their role as incubators of the marine food web. Most communities include various populations of producer organisms which are eaten by any number of consumer populations.
This lesson plan includes diagrams depicting marine food chains and food webs to help. Marine food webs activity is available for advanced classes in second level resources. They are tiny microscopic plants called phytoplankton. Impact of overfishing on marine ecosystems sample problem. The mtl is often used to reflect the trophic level of marine food web, and the decline on mtl is usually a signal of fishery depletion 23, 55. The first has estimates of trophic levels for 220 different species or groups of fish and invertebrates, covering all statistical categories included in the official food and agricultural organization fao landings statistics 2. Food chains, food webs, and energy pyramids can be helpful tools for understanding how the living things in an ecosystem depend on each other for the matter and energy they need to grow and perform daily activities.
It finds food urchins, snails on the seafloor and sometimes eats fish. Indiana department of environmental management algae in. Pdf stable isotope ratios as tracers in marine food webs. Since the water is the home for these special tiny. This report provides summaries of the breakout sessions. Author summary healthy marine ecosystems are crucial for peoples livelihoods and food production. The food webs within the barents sea with the most distinct food web properties are the arctic food webs in the northeast. Over half of the human populations protein and 34 of our oxygen emanate from the oceans. Copepods feed on dinoflagellates and incorporate this energy into their own tissues.
Scientists estimate that if there are a million producers algae, phytoplankton, and sea grass in a food web, there may only be 10,000 herbivores. Students can also learn about some defense mechanisms that animals use to deter predators. Pdf microplastics in marine food webs researchgate. Importance of parasites and their life cycle characteristics in determining the structure of a large marine food web ross m. Berglund, johnny, umut muren, ulf bamstedt, and agneta. Although they are more complicated, food webs provide a more realistic depiction of how marine ecosystems function. Research article climate change could drive marine food web collapse through altered trophic flows and cyanobacterial proliferation hadayet ullah1, ivan nagelkerken1,2, silvan u. A series of organisms related by predatorprey and consumerresource interactions. Study the animals within the food chain and investigate how they are adapted to finding, catching and eating their food. Marine food webs in the last section we said that primary production in the ocean comes primarily from microscopic onecelled algae and bacteria. Identify each as a producer, consumer or decomposer. Mouritsen and robert poulin biodiversity research centre, university of british columbia, 6270. Make sure to draw arrows to show the movement of energy.
Organisms in a community are linked through what they eat and what eats them. Lipids and stable isotopes in marine food webs in west greenland. It uses rocks as tools to pry food off of rocks and to crack shells. Identifying opportunities to address issues of marine. Global warming and the loss of sea ice threaten to alter patterns of productivity in arctic marine ecosystems because of a likely decline in primary productivity by sea ice algae. Pictures represent the organisms that make up the food web, and their feeding relationships are typically shown with arrows. Lipids and stable isotopes in marine food webs in west. When an organism increases in abundance, the student playing this organism will raise hisher hand.
Ra tios of production or biomass between different trophic levels in the food web provide measures of the pattern of energy flow, and the efficiency of energy. Students should have experience in analyzing graphs and food webs marine ecosystems. The albatross is an important predator at the top of the marine food web in otago. By looking at 19 large marine ecosystems currents in five mega regions of the world. The arrows represent the transfer of energy and always point from the organism being eaten to the one that is doing the eating. Fordham2 1 southern seas ecology laboratories, school of biological sciences, university of adelaide, adelaide, australia, 2 the environment institute, school of biological sciences, the. Have students explain the predatorprey relationship between each. Students will learn about different organisms that live in puget sound.
The perfect storm is brewing now, not far off in the future. Another important dimension of food web variation is associated with high environmental and topographic heterogeneity coinciding with high food web complexity i. Includes two unlabeled food webs one complex web, and one simple web. Marine environmental conservation teaching resources. Cut out the images and glue them onto the food web. Phytoplankton autotrophically produces biomass by converting inorganic compounds into organic ones.
Food chains food chains in themselves are usually fairly simple and may include no more than two or three links. Introduce the marine food web chart and discuss the concepts of food chains and food webs. In a typical marine food chain, dinoflagellates convert energy from sunlight into food through photosynthesis and store it in their tissues. On a large sheet of paper or chalkboard, list the organisms and their identifying sounds, as shown on the food web organisms chart. Students use marine organism cards and trophic level classifications to identify and describe food chains in several marine ecosystems. Predators at the top level of the trophic pyramid include animals like sharks and dolphins.
Community structure and abundance levels of algae are greatly impacted by chemical and physical shifts in the environment. Background this study is the first to show that the brominated flame retardants pbdes and hbcds have contaminated top predators in the northwest atlantic marine food web. Organisms living here include whales, jellyfish, and squid. Ecology food web multiple choice identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. This assessment asks students to analyze the impact of overfishing on marine ecosystems. Animals eat the plants, taking some of that sunharvested energy into themselves. Which organism below belongs in level 3 of this marine food web. Our ability to predict how future food webs will respond to a changing environment is limited by our.
In the marine food web, special producers are found. Sea otter, enhydra lutris, is a marine mammal that lives near the shore but almost never comes out of the water. Food webs a web food is made up of interconnected food chains. Assign each pair an organism, and have them use the mangrove and coral reef ecosystem illustrations in the marine ecosystems gallery for reference.
Overfishing in marine ecosystems applicable ngss standards. Tell students that they will build their own marine food web for two interrelated ecosystems. Galapagos marine food web directions read about the diets of the marine organisms label a separate sheet of paper with the term marine food web cut out and arrange the marine organisms on the paper with the producers at the bottom and the top consumers on top. The river food web unc institute for the environment. New approaches to scalable ocean cultivation, harvest, and. Microplas c inges on has been documented in animals throughout the marine food web, including zooplankton desforges et al. Climate change could drive marine food web collapse through.
Lipids and stable isotopes in marine food webs in west greenland trophic relations and health implications moller, per publication date. There were four breakout sessions, each consisting of three discussion groups. In a food web, animals may eat many types of prey items or may change their preferred type of food as they grow from juveniles to adults. Despite the increase in production, usage, and discharge of organophosphate flame retardants opfrs, little information is available about their bioaccumulation and trophic transfer in the marine food web.
Connections to the massachusetts curriculum frameworks in science and. Estimates of the contribution of ice algae to total primary production. Feb, 2012 these lesson plans are a selection including learning about marine food chains and webs, information on actively stopping marine rubbish and pollutio. The set includes 14 png color illustrations, and 16 png black line grayscale versions. Build a marine food web activity idea in this activity, students build their own food web using images of organisms from the marine ecosystem. Phytoplankton are free floating or suspended algae in the water column. Finally there is a document which will tell you all about the sea watch foundation and how you can help.
This activity can be done indoors on paper or outdoors on a tarmac surface using chalk. Large rivers greater than mi2 drainage area tend to have a phytoplankton driven food web. For each of these 12 group sessions, this report provides a brief topic introduction and the questions. Students will discover the roles different plants and animals have in a marine food web. Marine food chains continued marine food chain plants detritus rotting plants and animals herbivores. Removing them means possibly wiping out the rest of the organisms in the food web. Marine ecosystems test easy peasy allinone high school.
Climate change could drive marine food web collapse. Selection and development of material for food webs in an estuary. One food web arrow goes from a rabbit to a coyote, inferring that a. Developing a trophic bioaccumulation model for pfoa and. Color and cut out the marine organisms on the marine organisms page. Explain the roles and relationship s among producers, consumers, and decomposers in the process of energy transfer in a food web. Powerpoint file and pdf showing examples of roles played by different organisms in a food web provided. Plastic debris in the ocean international union for. Using the worksheet and sharing the information cards amongst the class groups, draw in arrows to show who is eating who and to see just how interconnected the marine food web is.
Pdf the mean trophic level of the species groups reported in food and agricultural organization global fisheries statistics declined from 1950 to. These form an important food supply for larger zooplankton species, which in turn feed birds, fish and some mammals. Several pressures influence the marine food webs, e. Get creative and use sticks or other objects to connect the different organisms. Take students out to the already set up playing area and divide the students into roles. In this study, seawater, sediment, and marine species 10 fish and 9 invertebrate species collected from laizhou bay, north china, were analyzed to investigate the levels, bioaccumulation. We may use cookies to record some preference settings and to analyse how you use our web site. The suns energy is most directly available to people through a.
However, not all top marine predators live in the sea. An example of a common, linear aquatic food chain is. Increases in technology have produced larger boats with more horsepower and the capacity to travel farther distances. Once the food web has been constructed, the teacher will pose a number of questions about what happens if a particular organism increases or decreases in abundance. Scientists concerned with organic matter flow and food web structures in aquatic systems have increasingly realized the potential for using stable isotopes as both natural tracers and as a means of characterizing trophic structure. Marine food chains and biodiversity national geographic society. Pdf role of nanoplanktons in marine foodwebs researchgate. Construct a marine food web using at least 8 organisms. Most people are familiar with the array of colours of tropical coral reefs or images of penguins. Such a food web may support 100 secondary consumers, such as tuna.
In the twilight zone, sunlight is not as strong so the water is cooler 41 to 39 f and the pressure downward pushing force is greater. Marine foodweb structure and community patterns in high. In step 5, instead of small group work and discussions, you may choose to turn the feeding frenzy activity into a game format with rules and points. Include producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and tertiary consumers. The marine food web answer key for teachers background information all living things need energy to grow, reproduce and survive.
Draw in arrows from the food to the animal that eats it. Marine food webs marine marine and freshwater water. Acidification is but one symptom of the malaise it faces. They will work together to assemble a food web, compare their designs, and then use their models to explore interactions in the ecosystem.
Marine food chains continued marine food chain plants detritus rotting plants and. Plants trap the solar energy and, through photosynthesis, convert it into the sugars that are their food. Ecology food web multiple choice identify the choice that. Phytoplankton and algae form the bases of aquatic food webs. Report of task group 4 food webs of marine strategy framework. A food web diagram illustrates what eats what in a particular habitat.
Name 5 abiotic factors that influence the marine ecosystem. Tiny animals, including crustaceans, feed on phytoplankton. Students learn of the estuarine food web and that our typical perceptions of food webs often excludes a category of organisms microbes that are instrumental to the functioning of the ecosystem. Numbers will vary based on how many students there are but the ratio should be 3 dom. A food chain is a single pathway connecting a producer with several levels of consumers. By the end of this activity, students should be able to. All these organisms support only one apex predator, such as a person. Less than 2% of the ocean is shallow enough with a firm enough bottom to support larger attached plants.
Phytoplankton microscopic plants zooplankton microscopic animals insects blue gill largemouth bass turtle bacteria in reality, most food chains are usually complex and interconnected. In this activity, students build their own food web using images of organisms from the marine ecosystem. We may also use external analysis systems which may set. Feeding relationships in an ecosystem are the food chain of trophic levels and the food. An ecosystem cannot be understood without knowledge of how its food web determines the flow of materials and energy. Global climate stressors, such as warming and ocean acidification, can drastically impact the structure and function of marine food webs, diminishing the production of goods and services. This activity can be done indoors on paper or outdoors on. Humans are also toplevel consumers in the marine food web.
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